Criminogenic Embeddedness Model (CEM)

The Criminogenic Embeddedness Model is a life-course framework that integrates strain, social control, and social learning to explain criminal trajectories. It proposes that the onset, persistence, and desistance of offending depend on how deeply a person is embedded in criminogenic networks and settings, and it asks why people exposed to the same conditions so often arrive at different outcomes.

The Recovery Embeddedness Model extends embeddedness theory to addiction recovery and examines how community support contributes to sustained recovery.